UTIs: what are they really and how to avoid them
A urinary tract infection, also known as a UTI is a bacterial infection that affects the urinary tract. This area of the body includes the bladder, urethra and kidneys.
Though it is possible for men to have a UTI, women happen to be more susceptible to the infection. This is due to women having a shorter urethra compared to men, which shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to get to the bladder.
In fact, approximately 50–60% of women report at least one UTI in their lifetime, according to a review from the King Saud University.
UTIs are one of those things that spring out of nowhere. One day you’re absolutely fine and the next, feeling the sudden urge to urinate every 10 minutes (amongst other symptoms which we will cover soon). You then begin to question everything you’ve done that could’ve possibly caused it.
Well, let’s discuss what UTIs really are, what causes a UTI and how best to avoid and treat them.
Symptoms of a UTI
As stated, a UTI can affect the three areas of the urinary tract. Though urinary tract infections do not always cause symptoms, when they do they commonly include:
A persistent urge to urinate
Passing small amounts of urine frequently
A burning sensation when urinating
Strong-smelling urine
UTI symptoms can vary based on where the infection is located. For example, a UTI in the kidney may cause back pain and a high fever, whilst a bladder infection may cause pelvic pressure and discomfort in the lower abdomen.
What Causes a UTI
UTIs usually occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract through the urethra. This can then lead to bacteria multiplying within the other areas of the urinary tract.
The main bacteria that is behind the majority of UTIs is E.coli. In fact, E. coli happens to be responsible for more than 85% of all urinary tract infections, according to research published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012.
The E. coli bacteria, which resides in the intestines/rectum, does not have a long distance to travel in order to reach the urethra and then bladder. Here are some common ways that a urinary tract infection can happen:
Improper wiping - For women, it is highly recommended to wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. Wiping from back to front can allow E.coli into the urethra.
Sexual activity - Bacteria can get introduced to the urethra due to both penatrative and oral sex. Again, this is simply because the urethra is close to the anus which makes it easy for bacteria to travel. Plus, oral sex can invite unwanted bacteria.
Holding urine - Frequent use of the bathroom enables the body to flush bacteria out. It is important to urinate when the body needs to.
Additionally, there are other factors that may heighten the risk of developing a UTI. These include birth control, diabetes, menopause and pregnancy.
Treatment and Prevention Methods for Urinary Tract Infections
First things first, after covering the common causes of UTIs, it is understandable if you feel slightly worried about how you approach these everyday activities that may cause a bacterial infection. However, I can assure you that there are a variety of simple ways to prevent and treat UTIs.
Firstly, you may have heard that in the time of a UTI, cranberry juice is your best friend. Studies show that cranberry juice and supplements contain acidic compounds which may help to decrease the amount of bacteria in the bladder. Also, interfere with bacteria being able to stick to the lining of the urinary tract.
However, there isn’t a sufficient amount of evidence to support the belief that cranberry juice alone can cure a UTI. Whilst cranberry based products may protect against the recurrence of an infection, it may not be enough to improve the symptoms of an active UTI.
From experience, I have always found that the best treatment for a UTI is antibiotics along with drinking plenty of water which allows my body to dilute my urine and flush any unwanted bacteria from the urinary tract. Understandably, taking antibiotics unnecessarily can cause further problems, for example, yeast infections (been there, done that). Therefore, it is important that you contact your GP so that they can offer the best possible solution.
In addition, you can take these steps to further reduce recurring UTI’s:
Empty your bladder regularly, especially right after intercourse - It is crucial to urinate after sex as it will allow your body to flush out bacteria. So, no need to abstain to protect yourself from a UTI, just remember to use the toilet as soon as possible!
Consider taking probiotics - Taking probiotics daily (especially alongside antibiotics), introduces beneficial bacteria to the gut which balances out the bacteria in the body. A specific group of bacteria called lactobacilli may help to prevent UTI’s.
Avoid irritating feminine products - Products marketed towards creating a healthier vagina are often the cause of many vaginal infections. Products such as douches, sprays and even scented pads can irritate the urethra further. Simply wash the area with warm water.
Consider changing your birth control method - Diaphragms and unlubricated condoms can contribute to bacterial growth.
Clearly, UTIs seem to occur due to women’s sex lives and lifestyle choices which is annoying as these are all natural things we do and enjoy. However, take it from someone who has had their fair share of UTIs. Probiotics and urinating after sex is a game changer and if a UTI does occur, there is nothing to worry about. It can all be taken care of with a quick trip to the GP.
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Danielle Woods is a London-based Magazine Journalism and Publishing graduate. As well as writing poetry and a bunch of love letters in her notes app, Danielle works as a copywriter and content writer for a variety of digital platforms. From beauty to dating apps, she is open to writing and expressing her views on anything relatable and candid. When she’s not writing, Danielle can be found reading tarot or looking for new products to add to her skincare routine.
